Today, I want to quickly review a truly superb two volume book called “The Russian Army on Parade” and “The Russian Commemoration Parade at the 75th Anniversary of Victory in World War Two” both written by Jim Kinnear (and Andrey Akesenow for the 2nd volume). Here are the links to the publisher from whom you can order both books:
These two books are absolutely unique and, in my opinion, invaluable.
First, let’s talk about the parades themselves.
Both in the Soviet times and in the post-1991 Russia, the Victory Day parades have had a very special meaning to both the Russian people and for their enemies. These were not just “patriotic shows” (which they definitely are), but also a way to show to the Russian people and their enemies the latest achievements of the Russian military industry. Furthermore, for military specialists, what might look like a boring parade of military hardware to a civilian can yield extremely valuable information not only about the hardware itself, but also about the Russian military thinking. One example:
Russian tanks tend to be very different from their Western counterparts. They are all the product of compromises: the ideal tank is light, can cross rivers or even float, small, indestructible, fast and has unstoppable weapons – but in reality such a tank cannot be built as these criteria, and many many more, are mutually exclusive. For example, tank building countries can put so much armor on their tanks that they would be close to impossible to breach (at least in theory), but the weight and size of the tank will make them huge which, in turn, limits the kind of bridges they can cross, what kind of river banks they can climb or how big they will look in the targeting systems of the enemy. Then there is the issue of costs. Would you rather have one (purely theoretically) “perfect” tank costing X or 10 “somewhat less than perfect” tanks for the same price (or even less!)?
So, as most weapons systems, tanks are the results of very complex compromises and a trained eye will even see what kind of terrain and tactics one tank has been designed for, as opposed to another tank. Furthermore, if you look “deeper” inside the tank (even by its external features) you can make some good guesses on the kind of sensors or communication systems these tanks probably have. Of course, the Soviets and the Russians always knew that, so they carefully decide what they do want to show or don’t want to show. They can even deliberately try to hide the real capabilities of any weapons system/platform from “unfriendly eyes”.
I mention all of the above to explain that these two superb volumes (filled with hundreds of excellent color photographs!) are not just for hardware geeks and technology fanboys, they are a voyage through Russian military thinking!
The first volume covers the Russian military parades in the 1990s, then those in the 2000s and then those in the 2010s. It concludes with a commented index of all the hardware shown between 1992-2019.
The second volume covers “only” the truly amazing parade in 2020 for the 75th commemoration of the defeat of Nazi Germany.
One might wonder, what about the Soviet, pre-1991 parades?
Here you have to remember that the development cycle for a weapons system/platform can take years or even decades, so almost all the current Russian military technologies have deep roots in Soviet military thinking. Furthermore, the design philosophy of a complex weapons system can change over time, but often rather slowly. This is simply an issue of common sense: why re-invent the wheel when it already works? Of course, if the geostrategic environment changes dramatically, and instead of being deployed in eastern Europe the Russians now have NATO literally right across their border, things will change, and they have changed, often dramatically.
These two volumes focus on post-Soviet, Russian, military parades, they will give the reader a superb insight into Soviet military thinking (as opposed to the crap Western propaganda like to spew about it during the Cold War). Of course, the fall (or, more accurately, the dismembering by the Party elites) of the Soviet Union in 1991 had a major impact on Russian military thinking and while much of the superb Soviet military and scientific capabilities still lies at the root of modern Russian weapon systems/platforms, a new generation of (often much younger) engineers and scientists has produced (quasi) purely ‘Russian’ technologies (such as the Su-57 or the “Armata” series).
Thus, these volumes are also a extremely interesting way to look not at hardware, but at the evolution of Russian designs and their underlying force planning philosophy.
I highly recommend these two volumes to all those who want to understand why Soviet/Russian designs are so different from their Western equivalents. And no, it is not true to say that Russians like cheap and sturdy while Westerners prefer high tech (that is purely propaganda). But I think that it is true to say that Russian designs are by and for soldiers and war whereas Western designs are mostly by and for engineers and for big, juicy, military contracts.
If you want to see what kind of designs result from about 1000 years of existential, survival, warfare, then you can’t do better than getting these two volumes. You will not be disappointed.
Andrei
i will definitely have a copy of those books dear saker. any book about putin you can recommend? i want to learn more about the man. i have read bits and pieces about him but i need a book.
Alas no, and even less so in English: there might be exceptions, in fact, there probably are, but what I have seen is pathetic sub-crap, to put it mildly in which Putin is a KGB killer running an Asiatic Mordor.
Also, I do most of my reading in Russian, so I am not aware of what is out there in English.
Maybe somebody else can help here?
Kind regards
https://www.j-k-fischer-verlag.de/J-K-Fischer-Verlag/Vladimir-Putin-Seht-Ihr-was-Ihr-angerichtet-habt–8103.html?MODsid=e2usvpka4l739o89nte9jpc2m4
Vladimir Putin: Seht Ihr, was Ihr angerichtet habt?
Zusammengetragen & kommentiert von Thomas Röper
Google Translation,MOD:
Vladimir Putin: Do you see what you’ve done?
Compiled & commented on by Thomas Röper
@Anonymous
One of the readers of this blog had recommended these books👇. I guess that they might include info about Putin as well.
Russia’s Geoeconomic Strategy for a Greater Eurasia
Russian Conservatism: Managing Change under Permanent Revolution
watch Oliver Stone’s interviews with Putin. One can learn a lot there.
@Anonymous
A book I enjoyed reading is “First Person” by Vladimir Putin. You can find a copy on World Books’ for less than £5.
Today’s Putin’s 69th birthday and TASS used the occasion to provide a biographical listing of some of his accomplishments. Here’s Putin’s Kremlin Bio which only goes to 2017. Much can be learned from Putin’s Wikipedia page, which does have a listing of books written about him, but not an authorized biography, of which none has yet ot be written, although I’d certainly enjoy such a task. The many interviews Putin’s done offer excellent insights. One of the best known is the 4-part interview done with Oliver Stone in 2017 and was followed-up by another in 2019. There’s also this You Tube channel with the Putin-Stone interview. A search using Yandex or some other engine will give you many more results. Putin has expressed no desire to write his memoirs, but I do highly suggest reading the historical essays he’s written. Just doing what I’ve suggested will keep you busy for a month. Of course, given his position Putin’s attracted lots of people willing to smear him; so, you must be able to detect biased accounts, and there are many. You might also try using Yandex to search in Russian, биография путина, to see what that brings.
I, too, find the book “First Person” to be an excellent, I might even say invaluable, snapshot of the man, his thinking, and his “method of handling”. The English version is presented as being a self-portrait “by Vladimir Putin”; but, that’s not accurate. The copyright authors of the book are Nataliya Gevorkyan, Natalya TIimakova, and Andrei Kolesnikov. The book is the verbatim transcript of interviews they conducted with Vladimir Putin and his close associates in 2000, when the new President of the Russian Federation was an unknown entity on the world stage. They did it to answer a question posed in Davos in January of that year by an American journalist to a gathering of prominent Russian politicians and businessmen. “Who is Putin?” she had asked. Their answer was a pause that, in the estimation of the authors, “dragged on too long.”
The Appendix at the end of the book reprints the treatise, “Russia at the Turn of the Millennium,” which was Putin’s analysis of the challenges Russia faced at that moment in time and the measures he proposed to improve Russia’s future, and which was originally published on the Government of the Russian Federation’s website on the 31st of December, 1999.
I highly recommend this book. I go back to it often.
Just watched the idiot Stoltenberg in Brussels who — quelle extraordinaire surprise, hein —lamented ”/…/ the Russian behaviour. We have seen their aggressive actions, not least against Ukraine”. Maybe he has read the books already? Arguably, they should scare the wits out of a two-bit Russophobe who at least is capable of reading.
Stoltenberg is just a mouthpiece, nothing of what he says has any relevance.
and
did you notice that he ALWAYS looks like a loser who is apologizing for faceplants
Blinken also has that same expression, by the way
it’s like they know that they are impotent losers spewing hot air and dread the day when everybody finds out :-)
cheers
Greetings Saker,
their strange faces are not only due to despairing self awareness, but IMO also reveal permanent turmoil inside. They are like the roiled surface waters of a deep deep lake that has the Lochness monster swimming at the bottom. What Yeats termed, “…𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘴𝘵 𝘈𝘳𝘦 𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘭 𝘰𝘧 𝘱𝘢𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺…”
I think from the 1st secretary general of NATO their job description must have had as item #1 a deep hatred of Russia.
Fidel Castro commented on this Stoltenberg’s psychopathology: “𝙃𝙤𝙬 𝙢𝙪𝙘𝙝 𝙝𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙚! 𝙒𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙖𝙣 𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙧𝙚𝙙𝙞𝙗𝙡𝙚 𝙙𝙚𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙚 𝙖 𝙬𝙖𝙧 𝙤𝙛 𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙖𝙜𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙩 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙍𝙪𝙨𝙨𝙞𝙖𝙣 𝙁𝙚𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣!”
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fidel-castro-compares-nato-chief-to-isis/
Leave Russia alone and treat her with respect and you will have no issues. Stoltenberg does not seem to have the mental capacity to grasp this simple concept. When Andrei recommends something smart folks take note.
WW I was the war of the machine gun. WWII was the war of the tank. WWIII will be a war of nuclear annihilation that will be over in days. At least that’s what Einstein said. The AngloZionist Empire, as you like to call it, is all about domination and exploitation to be sure, but it’s also in their DNA to bring human history to a close in a final conflagration between good (them) and evil (everyone else) that in the minds of US Christian Zionists will happen soon. 80% of them voted for Trump in the last election, which he “won” no matter how many votes he got. As ReTrumplican Steve Pearce of New Mexico said last December, “Trump is our president FOREVER and no one can take that away from us.” Crazy is as crazy does, Saker
Me thinks WW3 started around 2014. We are in somewhere close to the end of the first act.
Nuclear war scenario won’t happen, more likely bio-warfare, killing us softly.
well, I agree that WWIII has started in 2014 (2013 really) and yes, we are on the end of the first act.
I do not believe that bio-warfare will kill us softly, if only because besides the USA, the major powers have dropped their biowarfare and chemical weapons programs (see here: /joint-statement-foreign-ministers-of-russia-and-china-biological-weapons/)
Nukes are always a real possibility, even the USA still has an effectively nuclear strike capability.
Hypersonic weapons and long range conventional standoff weapons are also modifying the picture.
I think that information warfare is the biggest weapon which is and will be further used.
Why?
Because a) it *appears* to be safe from retaliation and b) the Anglosphere still (more or less) dominating the information sphere.
Okay, the galactic faceplant in Kabul was a huge embarrassment for the US and its puppets, and the West is also in retreat in the information warfare battle.
Which leaves economic warfare, which the West is also losing.
So what are the leaders of the Empire left with other than hot air, delusional grandstanding and the mantric chanting of slogans nobody believes in.
As I have written several times, both the Empire and the USA are done, finished, dead. Just like a body with no brain but with a beating heart is considered dead.
Stoltenberg and Bliken are just the tip of an immense iceberg of incompetence and terminal delusion.
Unlike Russia, the USA doesn’t go to war because it makes sense, Saker. We go to war because it makes dollars and cents for the MIC and at the behest of international Zionism. All of the 9/11 wars were for Israel, destroy 9 Muslim nations in 5 years was the plan. They have bankrupted the USA both financially and morally, although there wasn’t much to destroy in regards to the latter, given Manifest Destiny and being “chosen” by God to dominate and exploit Native Americans for hundreds of years.
What will ultimately drive us into nuclear warfare will be Zionism’s suicidal death wish expressed so eloquently by Israeli poet Itamar Yaoz-Kest…
“And yet, there is a right reserved only to us Jews (if indeed any human on Earth has this right): to be destroyed and to take the weary and sated world with us to the non-existence, along with its wondrous libraries and heart-stirring tunes – just so, after we descend to the grave, while the ground emits radioactive rays to all four winds.
Indeed – we have the right! It is mine, too!
For it is the right of the Nation of Israel to finally shut the gates to the world after it leaves this place (not of its free will!), and we have the right to say, at the price of the 3,000 year old fear: “If you force us yet again to descend from the face of the Earth to the depths of the Earth – let the Earth roll toward the Nothingness.”
The Samson Option isn’t just the last resort, Saker, it’s Zionism’s ultimate goal.
Itamar Yaoz-Kest has a really dark outlook. Hopefully, if he gets his wish then he will be forced to eat pork based products for the rest of eternity.
”Stoltenberg and Blinken are just the tip of an immense iceberg of incompetence and terminal delusion.”
Agreed. This lot could easily be taken out by any Russian armed with just a slingshot. Would that be enough to serve as a pretext for NATO’s ultra-super-duper dreadful Article 5?
All these articles don’t mean anything anymore (assuming they ever did),
What Uncle Shmuel says, NATO does.
Period.
It’s that pathetic…
cheers
It is unlikely that Russia will start WW3. China or EU even less so.
Only “5 eyes” Dominion is bound to defend its crumbling Empire.
Their ruling oligarhy is personaly safe in their main countries only if the war is waged by conventional means. Nuclear war WILL affect them seriously, even fatally. Collatetral damage from biological war is even more unpredictable. They won’t use it, EVER, since they would lose the most.
Nuclear, chemical and bio weapons are bargaining chips in case their merc/slave armies are anhilated in the battlefield. Elites think it will save them from guillotine. It won’t. If West lose WW3, their worst enemy will be their own population.
That’s why Nuclear holocaust is not an option, at least until western hereiditiary oligarhy is alive and well. I will start to worry only if some kind Nazi-like agressive populists seize power and nuclear arsenal in the US.
The Saker doesn’t call us the AngloZionist Empire for nothing. That Nazi-like entity you refer to is already in place in the form of Israel and its thousands of Sayanim “helpers” in the USA. They were the real perps of the false-flag attacks on 9/11. That was the pretext for all wars in the Middle East in this century, all for Israel. A redo of 9/11, this time blamed on Iran, would ultimately involve Russia and China. It would go nuclear within hours, from the use of US tactical nukes dialed right up to nukes that destroy whole cities. Start worrying Blackring…
I am absolutely no military expert, but here are some (I hope) interesting facts which I further hope are more or less correct. I am more interested in HOW the weapons were used and WHAT effect they had on human history.
1. The first major revolution in warfare came with the invention of the musket, which later improved to become guns and rifles. The crude canon (which used to fire canon balls) perhaps dates back to around the time of the musket, and around the time that muskets gave way to guns and rifles the canon was improved to artillery. The European conquest of Africa, Asia, and Latin America started in the age of muskets and canons and continued through the age of guns, first generation rifles, and first generation artillery. The muskets and canons perhaps gave a manpower advantage of 1 to 10 to when Europeans fought Africans, Asians, and American indigenous warriors.
2. Rifles improved to machine guns – a major leap in war-making capability – and artillery improved. The machine gun can be regarded as another revolution in warfare for with it the manpower advantage changed to perhaps 1 to 50 (1 soldier armed with a machine gun could prevail over 50 of the other if they did not possess machine guns). Machine guns made the full control over Africa, Asia, and the Americas a ‘breeze’ for Europeans.
3. For infantry (the foot soldiers) the revolution was over for almost the next century. No doubt rifles and machine guns continued to improve decade by decade but nothing came to change the basic infantry battles except the hand grenade (a counter to machine gun posts). But a revolution happened in armor (tanks), heavy artillery, and long-firing field guns. It it is interesting that while the infantryman still bore basic resemblance to the infantryman of a century back and the infantryman continued to survive, the cavalryman was no more. Tanks had replaced horses and their riders. The politically and historically important point is that in the age of armor the manpower advantage became almost 1 to 1000. Groups not in possession of armor could not even dream of giving battle to a group with armor and heavy artillery. Warfare now became a more or less peer-to-peer affair, and remains so to our time. You either have the latest stuff to use, else don’t bother to show up for war, so to speak. Naturally, bombing defenseless people does not count as warfare, its proper name is mass murder.
More knowledgeable people may care to pursue this type of historical analysis to include missiles, nuclear weapons, air forces and navies. If we can link the revolutions in the instruments of warfare with the effect they had on human history, then it may be interesting to speculate about future political and human possibilities based on likely new instruments of warfare.
the first warfare revolution was when an australopitecus discovered
he could kill another one throwing a stone, instead of strangling or beating him.
Kill at a distance. Everything after that are just variations of the same theme.
With all considered if advancement in Warfare technologies boost the success in winning then the Western powers should have been in Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan among other places today. I may have a misunderstanding.
Western and or NATO military occupation and control of economies of Japan, Europe, some in Africa and many other areas of the globe are rejected by their Nationals. When will the invaders be accepted, as the war, military occupation continues.
Actually, it seems as if the Elites of the society who are continually pressing for invasion and global domination as explained by the Brut Halford Mckinder continues.
Will the rise of China change this policy with its Belt and Road initiative. Or, will a war be the cause of change.
“…Russian designs are by and for soldiers and war whereas western designs are mostly by and for engineers and for big, juicy, military contracts.”
Essence of ugly truth why the most expensive military in the galaxy is in the disarray. And they know it for quite some time.
The Pentagon Wars
1998 ‧ Comedy/War ‧ 1h 44m
Blacktail is a site run by an American ex-soldier who has made many comparisons between armoured vehicles, showing that they often fail to live up to the hype about them. Russian models are not exempt from criticism. Several of their designs feature in his series on Failed Tanks. I think he has claimed that the new Armata tank includes several classic design failures. I can’t find that one, but here’s one about another Russian tank.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcCfyvnig20
One book I’ve found very helpful is by Swiss journalist Guy Mettan, Creating Russophobia, Clarity Press, 2017. Respectful and empathetic, he discusses Russia in historical, cultural, and geo-political context. Citing four varieties of Russophobia –French, English, German, American–he says Westerners have been generally anti-Russian ever since Prince Vladimir 1000+ years ago chose Orthodoxy rather than Catholicism, though they have often used other rationales for their animosity. If anyone else knows this book, I’d be interested to read your evaluation.
Even during the cold War 1960’s, when teaching International Relations, I noted that Communism didn’t explain everything about Soviet policy–USSR/Russia had legitimate defensive national interests in their Eastern European “near-abroad.”
I have reviewed the book on the blog and Mettan wrote a reply
Looks it up :-)
Cheers
But I think that it is true to say that Russian designs are by and for soldiers and war whereas western designs are mostly by and for engineers and for big, juicy, military contracts.
Couldn’t agree more, Andrei.
I’ve always had the impression that Soviet/Russian military equipment were designed with lots of common-sense — guns that shoot further and harder; planes that could fly from unprepared runways; small corvettes that were armed to the teeth. Similarly to what you say, Russian designers put themselves in the soldier’s boots, Western ones in Italian leather loafers. Only the Soviets could build a unique class of ship like the ‘aircraft cruiser’ eg Admiral Kuznetsov, a ship that carried both missiles and aircraft. The doctrinal basis for Kuznetsov may now be outdated but its design, I think, reflected Soviet thinking, ie more to defend the battle fleet rather than project power.
Soviet, and now Russian, design philosophy seem to have eschewed ‘jointedness’ in weapons design, and if I may allowed to use an IT metaphor, rather like Unix/Linux with tools that do one job but do it well as opposed to Microsoft Windows (or whatever they call it) that wants to do it all and not doing anything really well.
F35 is a perfect example of a product of design jointery. As for designers thinking about the accountant rather than the soldier, just have a look at the British ‘Ajax’ project and have a chuckle while reading a report from an Empire think-tank. A real Greek Tragedy indeed:
https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/british-armys-greek-tragedy
Since we are commenting on military matters, here is a newsflash that naval analysts (Andrei Martyanov perhaps?) will be interested in presenting speculation as to the details behind this recently announced incident.
“Today (Thursday, October 7, 2021), the United States Navy notified the national press that one of its nuclear powered submarines struck an object while operating in the South China Sea. The USS Connecticut, (SSN-22) collided with an unknown object while operating underneath the sea in international waters that injured 11 sailors.”
See: https://news.usni.org/2021/10/07/breaking-attack-submarine-uss-connecticut-suffers-underwater-in-pacific
As we should all know by now, this is not the first time a U.S. naval warship has been involved in an operational incident. I have uncovered a long forgotten video taken aboard another submarine the USS Sea Tiger that was ferrying a unit of U.S. Navy women nurses and shows what happens when the all male crew becomes distracted by the opposite sex that resulted in the firing of a torpedo that destroyed a ground transport vehicle cleverly disguised as a mock enemy surface vessel.
See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpEcU0OEzhc
Whether colliding with a civilian cargo tanker, another warship or even a pier, the American people can rest assure the United States Navy is spending their hard-earned taxpayer dollars wisely and exhibits the highest degree of naval integrity and competence. :)
Remember this?
Did A Deadly Fire Break Out On A Secret Russian Spy Sub? Here’s What We Know About ‘Losharik’
https://www.rferl.org/a/did-a-deadly-fire-break-out-on-a-secret-russian-spy-sub-/30033760.html
It’s hard to know what happens to a submarine…
There definitely was an accident with several victims.
The rest is so very *VERY* secret, so ignore whatever RFERL thinks they know.
The questions is whether it was a real accident or an “accident”. It’s hard to know with subs.
it’s not just “subs” – the Losharik seems to be so far ahead of all other subs that we can be sure that it is packed with very hyper-modern technologies which is, by definition, dangerous.
Please remember that modern subs are the most complex technology-intense set of technologies ever created, much more complex than even space stations.
Weapons are also dangerous by their very nature.
the people who work on, and serve on, the Losharik (or any other advanced sub) all know that.
This was in 2019.
Only very few people know how the Losharik program is doing now.
“If you want to see what kind of designs result from about 1000 years of existential, survival, warfare, then you can’t do better than getting these two volumes. ”
Very good Andrei but you forgot to mention TRIZ (/ˈtriːz/; Russian: теория решения изобретательских задач, teoriya resheniya izobretatelskikh zadatch), literally: “theory of inventive problem solving “
2020’s will be much more real economy era where energy and strategic resources generally are more focused more than ever since 1973-80. Rethoric talks have their forum but where the main battle is one can feel the touch of natural gas, oil, coal, solar, hydro power, wind power, uranium, torium, rechargeable battery business. This will open new front in Africa.
At the same time there will be new kind of lack of resources: namely humans. Aging population, very low fertility rate is becoming game changer most people are still ignoring. Next 20 years are critical. Too many changes too soon will shake global stability.
Russia phobia? Indeed, growing up it was always Russia and East Germnay the great boogeymen of the world who would in good time start WW3? Well do I remember watching Khrushchev and Yeltsin particular on the podium watching the parades and thinking too myself wow, these people must have a great deal to fear and to be a student of the Bible and this Messianism that is engulfing the world with the grave error that these nations represent the nations of Magog and Gog from Ezekiel 38 and 39 who will attack Israel and be destroyed by God accordingly is frightening business. A prophecy which many throughout the world actually believe though I’m beginning to hear some saying ‘what are you telling us that we have been wrong for over a 100 hundred years?’ Hard to swallow but that is the way it is unfortunately. Israel especially because their entire existence as a nation has as its very foundation hinges upon this prophecy from Ezekiel. Israel as a nation must exist for this prophecy to be fulfilled and so the expectation of a third world war which is to usher in the millennium kingdom. Scripture however teaches us this battle occurs after the millennium kingdom not before. Rev. 19 What a frightening mess!
Check out 26:00 of this video. An operations expert compares Soviet mass manufacturing methods for tank production and the “station based” (similar to the methods used for commercial aircraft production) manufacturing model used by the Germans during WW2. The Soviet Union’s approach was a major contributor to their victory.
https://youtu.be/N6xLMUifbxQ
wonderful book. Russia and China do have to show their muscles. And civic activities have to be carried out with excellence. The empire is shrewd, cunning and wastes no time. Germany is the largest ethnicity in the US, and it is the sixth eye, and completely feminist. Right now they are trying Nazis in eastern Germany, they are scaring and putting pressure on the Germans. China and Russia intend to study betting on France. About France, there are surprises coming !!!